Africa has seen no progress in reducing neonatal mortality over the last three decades. Over one million newborns die in Africa yearly, with four African countries leading in neonatal deaths.
Despite advances in early neonatal care, many babies are lost later to sepsis. Sepsis remains a significant and underrecognised cause of neonatal deaths.
Prematurity, infections, and asphyxia are the three leading causes. 80% of deaths occur in preterm babies, with around 750,000 of these occurring in the postnatal phase.
Resistance to primary antibiotics — ampicillin and gentamicin — is growing, directly complicating treatment for neonatal sepsis across the region.
As of 2018, no African country had population-level data on neonatal sepsis — due to limited laboratory access, poor healthcare infrastructure, and challenges in data harmonisation.